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Surround
Speakers
What
are the different types of surround speakers available and what are
the differences?
There
are three "common" types of surround speakers available
today plus some unique types created by different speaker
manufacturers.
"Monopole" speakers consist of a speaker or group of
speakers all firing on the same plane in the same direction. This
includes the vast majority of all speakers made. What people think
of as "normal speakers" are termed Monopole. With regard
to current surround sound formats, monopole speakers are the least
desirable because they are the least effective in creating an
"enveloping sound field" (ambience). They are good at
localization, but that alone is not enough to produce the desired
surround effect.
If you take a monopole speaker and add another speaker placed 180
degrees opposite of it (i.e. back to back) firing in the same phase,
you have a "bipole" speaker. Firing in phase means all
drivers on both sides are at the same excursion point at the same
time. This creates the exact same sounds coming from both sides of
the speaker at the same time. By design, Bipole speakers send no
sound directly toward the listener. A bipole speaker will produce
good "ambience" as all the sound is reflected off the
walls of the room, but is not effective in producing
"localized" sounds.
If you take the basic design of a bipole speaker with the rear
facing drivers firing exactly opposite of the front, you have a
"dipole" speaker. Dipole speakers produce a very diffuse
sound, which is good for ambience, but, like bipoles, are not very
effective at localization. Dipole design further reduces direct
sound to the listening position.
Both bipole and dipole speakers should be mounted on the sides of
the listening position and use reflected sound off of the walls to
produce their effects. So if monopoles can offer localization but
not enveloping ambience, and bi-pole/dipole speakers deliver
ambience without localization, what can provide both important
characteristics at the same time?
Can
I use the same speakers for the rear as for the front or do I have
to use surrounds?
Rear
speakers are used for, basically, two different types of sounds.
Although music applications may have some "localized"
sounds (sounds coming distinctly from one of the rear speakers), the
majority of the rear speaker's use is to "surround" the
listener in sound by simulating, for example, the sound of a large
audience in the background and/or reflected music from the rear
walls of a concert hall.
Home Theater (movie) sound uses a more even combination of both
ambient and localized sounds. The main or front left and right
speakers in a system are most often, monopole speakers, which
radiate high and midrange frequencies in a directional pattern, thus
making them less able to create good ambience when used as surround
speakers.
When choosing surround speakers, it is important to use similar
mid/high frequency drivers as are in the front, usually staying with
the same brand of speakers that are used as mains. The other
advantage with using specially designed surround speakers is that
their smaller size and mounting capability allow them to be placed
in the correct space at the correct height for maximum effect. This
is a controversial aspect of home audio as some people advocate use
of identical speakers front and rear.
Brass
& Granite Audio
www.Oregondv.com
Salem, OR 97303
See our our other sites:
www.soundocity.com
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www.speakerfeet.net
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